… ARMs have additional congenital defects, mainly those included in the VACTERL association
(… characterized by 3 or more defects of the VACTERL spectrum associated with additional …

… VACTERL” anomalies. No single underlying cause has been determined for VACTERL
association … In the present study, the highest incidence of other congenital anomalies occurred in …

… However, the full spectrum of VACTERL association is very rare diagnosis mainly by clinical
… most common birth defect among all is congenital heart diseases. VACTERL association is …

… VATER/VACTERL association is typically defined by the presence of at least three of the
following congenital malformations: vertebral defects… the caudal regression spectrum [Citation14]…

… As congenital malformations are major drivers of morbidity and … Recent research has begun
to reveal the spectrum of … patterns of malformations such as VACTERL (vertebral defects, …

… malformation with a frequency between 1.5 and 4.2 per 1 000 000 pregnancies.The association
of sirenomelia with the VACTERL association … and only two cases with VACTERL-H. We …

… VATER/VACTERL/VACTERL-H associations, which could all be part of a heterogeneous
spectrum, and originate from an early defect … fetuses with severe congenital anomalies. These …

… The association of 3 anomalies from VACTERL spectrum (… vere congenital anomalies have
a survival rate of 90%. A higher mortality rate is noticed in premature newborns, with low birth …

… defects are congenital anomalies … Our study shows 5.5% cases of VACTERL association.
Evans et al. reported genetic causes in 17%, environmental causes or recognized associations …

… congenital anomalies outside the urinary tract [3–5]. In this chapter, I discuss the association
of CAKUT with anomalies … encompasses a wide spectrum of anomalies including coloboma …