… per capita costs adjusted by age, sex and comorbidity burden … cost impact of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD)… artery disease, depression, gastro-esophageal reflux disease…

… that contribute to the bulk of deaths worldwide, namely cardiovascular diseases, cancers,
diabetes, and chronic lung disease [13]. To these, we added four other health conditions, …

… of comorbidities on excess direct medical costs in COPD … of COPD comorbidities from more
than one disease domain [10, 11… the costs between COPD patients and a non-COPD general …

… The set of three comorbidities responsible for the highest average total costs, and the …
and acute respiratory disease, regardless of specific combinations of comorbidities. Based on …

… COPD patients with comorbidities, we describe the comorbidity profiles of patients with
COPD and examine the associations between the presence of specific comorbidities and health …

… -based COPD cases with mild-to-moderate disease and control subjects without … comorbid
conditions and direct costs, but excess costs of COPD were mainly due to the lung disease …

… the global cost load. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to assess the effects of comorbidities
on COPD costs and to investigate the relationship between comorbidities and clinical …

… GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) Guidelines consider a com…
of comorbidities, length and costs during hospitalization in patients with COPD exacerbations. …

… comorbidity burden escalated costs in progressive fibrosing ILD (PF-ILD) (+52%), sarcoidosis
(+60%) and other ILDs (+24%). The effect of disease duration was not uniform, with cost …

… COPD and its comorbidities. Observational studies on the prevalence of comorbidities in
COPD patients and costs … more COPD pain assessments and only specific comorbidities such …