Parents lay the foundation for their children's socio‐emotional experiences by sensitively
responding to their needs. The hormonal and neurobiological changes that occur during the …

In a minority of mammalian species, mothers depend on others to help raise their offspring.
New research is investigating the neuroendocrine mechanisms supporting this allomaternal …

Parental care has a strong impact on neurodevelopment and mental health in the offspring.
Although numerous animal studies have revealed that the parental brain is a highly complex …

In recent decades, human sociocultural changes have increased the numbers of fathers that
are involved in direct caregiving in Western societies. This trend has led to a resurgence of …

Highlights•Paternal care is associated with hormonal changes in rodents, primates and
humans.•Paternal behavior depends on similar neural systems as maternal …

As fathering research has flourished, a growing body of studies has focused on behavioral
and neurobiological mechanisms, respectively associated with caregiving sensitivity and …

With the growing involvement of fathers in childrearing and the application of neuroscientific
tools to research on parenting, there is a need to understand how a father's brain and …

Parental caregiving includes a set of highly conserved behaviors and mental states that may
reflect both an individual's genetic endowment and the early experience of being cared for …

Parental care is essential for the survival of offspring in altricial mammalian species.
However, in most mammals, virgin females tend to avoid or attack infants. Moreover, most …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Parental Care”. Becoming a parent is arguably the
most profound transforming experience in life. It is also inherently very emotionally and …