Beginning in late 2017, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 viruses caused
outbreaks in wild birds and poultry in several European countries. H5N6 viruses were …

In 2014, H5N8 clade 2.3. 4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the
A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage emerged in poultry and wild birds in Asia, Europe and …

Here, we report on the occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5Nx clade
2.3. 4.4 b in Germany. Between November 8, 2016, and September 30, 2017, more than …

Since late 2020, outbreaks of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses
belonging to clade 2.3. 4.4 b have emerged in Europe. To investigate the evolutionary …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5Nx caused outbreaks in
poultry, captive birds, and wild birds in the Netherlands between October 2020 and June …

Introduction Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5N8 were re-
introduced into the Netherlands by late 2016, after detections in south-east Asia and Russia …

In the Netherlands, three commercial poultry farms and two hobby holdings were infected
with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6 virus in the winter of 2017–2018. This …

The first detection of a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus in Bulgaria
dates back to December 2016. Since then, many outbreaks caused by HPAI H5 viruses from …

In 2021/2022, the re-emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurred in
Europe. The outbreak was seeded from two sources: resident and reintroduced viruses …

Background The analysis of the nonstructural (NS) gene of the highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1
avian influenza viruses (AIV) isolated in Sweden early 2006 indicated the co-circulation of …