This report evaluates the formation of nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and of 4-(methyl-
nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) from nicotine, and of NNN from nornicotine in …

Background Modification of tobacco curing methods and other changes in cigarette
manufacturing techniques could substantially reduce the levels of tobacco-specific …

Abstract Urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and NNAL-
glucuronide, which are metabolites of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4 …

Abstract According to the World Health Organization, the consumption of tobacco products is
the single largest cause of preventable deaths in the world, exceeding the total aggregated …

New tobacco products, designed to attract consumers who are concerned about the health
effects of tobacco, have been appearing on the market. Objective evaluation of these …

This paper characterizes historical and current tobacco specific nitrosamine (TSNA) levels in
mainstream (MS) cigarette smoke of US commercial cigarettes. To conduct this analysis, we …

Our recent studies on tobacco smoke carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers and cancer risk
among male smokers in the Shanghai Cohort Study showed that exposure to tobacco …

Research on carcinogenic, tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) led to the identification
and analysis of 4-(methyl-iiftrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl) butyric add (iso-NNAQ in tobacco and …

Tobacco-specific A-nitrosamines (TSNA) are the most abundant, strong carcino gens in
tobacco smoke. Seven TSNA have been identified in tobacco products: N'-nitrosonornicotine …

Objective To compare tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) measured in saliva according
to different types of tobacco smoked in a sample of smokers of the city of Barcelona (Spain) …