Background Neuroimaging studies using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
have provided compelling evidence about the dysfunction of the frontotemporal cortices in …

Background: Many neuroimaging studies of patients with bipolar disorder have
demonstrated functional hypofrontality (reduced activation of the frontal cortex), although this …

Frontal lobe dysfunction has been implicated as one of the pathophysiological bases of
bipolar disorder. Detailed time courses of brain activation in the bipolar disorder group were …

Background Deficits in cognitive functioning, including attention, memory, and executive
functions, along with impairments in language production, are present in patients with …

Background Previous studies have shown that BD patients exhibited impairment when
performing a verbal fluency task (VFT) and abnormal prefrontal cortex activation during this …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with a high risk of suicide compared with other
psychiatric disorders. Recent studies using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) reported …

Background Bipolar depression (BD) is a unique, severe and prevalent mental illness that
shares many similarities in symptoms with unipolar depression (UD). Improving precision of …

Abnormal emotional processing is involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD)
and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether the neural mechanism underlying …

Background Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging neuroimaging
modality that provides a direct and quantitative assessment of cortical haemodynamic …

Purpose Bipolar disorder (BD) patients with psychotic symptoms (BDp) worsens prognosis
and decreases rates of recovery. The study investigated cognitive performance and brain …