Extensive studies have shown how bilateral symmetry of the vertebrate embryo is broken
during early development, resulting in a molecular left-right bias in the mesoderm. However …

Cellular and molecular left–right differences that are present in the mesodermal heart fields
suggest that the heart is lateralized from its inception. Left–right asymmetry persists as the …

Proper morphogenesis and positioning of internal organs requires delivery and
interpretation of precise signals along the anterior‐posterior, dorsal‐ventral, and left‐right …

Embryonic morphogenesis occurs along three orthogonal axes. While the patterning of the
anterior–posterior and dorsal–ventral axes has been increasingly well characterized, the left …

A fundamental problem in developmental biology is how left–right (LR) asymmetry is
generated, both on the whole organism level and at the level of an individual organ or …

Embryonic morphogenesis occurs along three orthogonal axes. While the patterning of the
anterior‐posterior and dorsal‐ventral axes has been increasingly well‐characterized, the left …

Patterning along the left/right axes helps establish the orientation of visceral organ
asymmetries, a process which is of fundamental importance to the viability of an organism. A …

The vertebrate body plan is overall symmetrical but left–right (LR) asymmetric in the shape
and positioning of internal organs. Although several theories have been proposed, the …

Vertebrates exhibit striking left–right (L–R) asymmetries in the structure and position of the
internal organs. Symmetry is broken by motile cilia-generated asymmetric fluid flow …

Looping of the primitive heart tube is one of the earliest and most crucial steps in cardiac
morphogenesis. Cardiac looping is dependent on normal left-right development, and defects …