HIV-1 integrates into the genome of target cells and establishes latency indefinitely.
Understanding the molecular mechanism of HIV-1 latency maintenance is needed for …

Background CD4+ T lymphocytes are the primary targets of HIV1 but cannot be infected
when fully quiescent, due to a post-entry block preventing the completion of reverse …

APOBEC4 (A4) is a member of the AID/APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases. In this study
we found a high mRNA expression of A4 in human testis. In contrast, there were only low …

Myeloid cells play numerous roles in HIV-1 pathogenesis serving as a vehicle for viral
spread and as a viral reservoir. Yet, cells of this lineage generally resist HIV-1 infection …

Cellular APOBEC3G (A3G) protein is packaged into human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1) virions in producer cells yet restricts viral replication in target cells. To characterize …

Multiple APOBEC3 proteins are expressed in HIV-1 target cells, but their individual
contributions to viral suppression when expressed at endogenous levels remain largely …

Following cell entry, the RNA genome of HIV-1 is reverse transcribed into double-stranded
DNA that ultimately integrates into the host-cell genome to establish the provirus. These …

HIV-1 is restricted for infection of primary quiescent T-cells. After viral entry, reverse
transcription is initiated but is not completed. Various hypotheses have been proposed for …

Human APOBEC3 enzymes are cellular DNA cytidine deaminases that inhibit and/or mutate
a variety of retroviruses, retrotransposons, and DNA viruses. Here, we report a detailed …

The essential HIV-1 viral infectivity factor (Vif) allows productive infection of non-permissive
cells expressing cytidine deaminases APOBEC3G (A3G) and A3F by decreasing their …