Muscle may contribute to the systemic inflammatory environment during critical illness, but
leukocyte interaction and cytokine influence on muscle and its response has not been fully …

The abundance, anatomical distribution, and vascularity of skeletal muscle make it a
potentially important contributor to local cytokine production and systemic cytokine …

Cytokines act as chemical mediators during the inflammatory process. Measurements of
cytokine levels in tissue have previously been performed in homogenized tissue, but the true …

Immunologically active molecules such as cytokines and chemokines have been implicated
in skeletal muscle weakness during sepsis as well as recovery from muscle injury. In sepsis …

The skeletal muscle mass has been shown to be affected by catecholamines, such as
epinephrine (Epi), norepinephrine (NE), and isoproterenol (ISO). On the other hand …

Circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations are often elevated in patients with
sepsis or various endogenous diseases related to bacterial translocation from the gut …

Background Circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations are often elevated in
patients with sepsis or with various endogenous diseases that are associated with metabolic …

There is growing appreciation that skeletal muscle is a fully functional component of the
body's innate immune system with the potential to actively participate in the host response to …

Macrophages (MPs) are important for skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo and may exert
beneficial effects on myogenic cell growth through mitogenic and antiapoptotic activities in …

The presence of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood is associated
with decreased muscle protein synthesis and the erosion of lean body mass in many …