Present in more than one billion adults, hypertension is the most significant modifiable risk
factor for mortality resulting from cardiovascular disease. Although its pathogenesis is not yet …

Since the discovery 100 years ago by Tigerstedt and Bergman of renin, an acid protease
generating angiotensin peptide, numerous discoveries have advanced our understanding of …

Kidney disease, blood pressure determination, hypertension pathogenesis, and the renin-
angiotensin system (RAS) are inextricably linked. Hence, understanding the RAS is pivotal …

Background The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) functions as both a circulating endocrine
system and a tissue paracrine/autocrine system. As a circulating peptide, angiotensin II (Ang …

The classic renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) was initially described as a hormone system
designed to mediate cardiovascular and body water regulation. The discovery of a brain …

Angiotensin II (Ang II), the effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), plays a
key role in the regulation of cardiovascular and body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. The …

Angiotensin type 2 receptor in hypertensive cardiovascular d... : Current Opinion in Nephrology
and Hypertension Angiotensin type 2 receptor in hypertensive cardiovascular disease : Current …

Abstract Purpose of Review Angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT 2 R) and receptor Mas (MasR)
are part of the “protective arm” of the renin angiotensin system. Gene and pharmacological …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays a central role in the brain to regulate blood
pressure (BP). This role includes the modulation of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) that …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), critically involved in the control of blood pressure and
volume homeostasis, is a dual system comprising a circulating component and a local tissue …