In substance use disorders, negative affect associated with drug withdrawal can elicit strong
drug craving and promote relapse. One brain region implicated in those processes is the …

The insula contributes to behavioral control and is disrupted by substance abuse, yet we
know little about the neural signals underlying these functions or how they are disrupted …

Chronic drug administration induces neuroplastic changes within brain circuits regulating
cognitive control and/or emotions. Following repeated pairings between drug intake and …

The nucleus accumbens core (NAc) is important for integrating and providing information to
downstream areas about the timing and value of anticipated reward. Although NAc is one of …

The motivation to seek cocaine comes in part from a dysregulation of reward processing
manifested in dysphoria, or affective withdrawal. Learning is a critical aspect of drug abuse; …

Individuals suffering from substance use disorder often experience relapse events that are
attributed to drug craving. Insular cortex (IC) function is implicated in processing drug …

Prior studies suggest that the insular cortex (IC), and particularly its posterior region (the
PIc), is involved in nicotine craving and relapse in humans and rodents. The present …

Cocaine‐dependent (CD) individuals demonstrate significant anxiety and dysphoria during
withdrawal, a negative emotional state that may perpetuate drug seeking and consumption …

Different parallel neural circuits interact and may even compete to process and store
information: whereas stimulus–response (S–R) learning critically depends on the dorsal …

Rationale Increasing evidence suggests that the anterior insular cortex (AIC) plays a major
role in cocaine addiction, being implicated in both impaired insight and associated decision …