Background: Congenital vertebral anomalies are a heterogeneous group of diagnoses, and
studies on their epidemiology are sparse. Our aim was to investigate the national …

Study Design. A retrospective medical record review of cases with congenital vertebral
malformations (CVMs) and controls with normal spine morphology. Objective. To determine …

Background: Congenital abnormalities when present, according to VACTERL theory, occur
nonrandomly with other congenital anomalies. This study estimates the prevalence of …

The developmental and genetic etiology of most congenital vertebral malformation disorders
remains unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate and classify congenital …

Study Design. Review. Objective. To review and outline the preoperative evaluation and
approach in assessing children with congenital vertebral malformation. Summary of …

Background: Congenital scoliosis is a failure of vertebral formation, segmentation, or a
combination of the 2 arising from abnormal vertebral development during weeks 4 to 6 of …

Purpose Congenital malformations of the bony vertebral column are often accompanied by
spinal cord anomalies; these observations have been reinforced with the use of magnetic …

Congenital vertebral anomalies including formation defects, segmentation defects, or both
can cause congenital scoliosis. Although the etiologic factors behind anomalous …

Background: The spectrum of congenital vertebral defects varies from benign lesions to
severe, life-threatening conditions. The etiology and maternal risk factors remain mainly …

Study Design. A focused review of the literature with regard to the important system
abnormalities of patients with spinal deformities associated with exotic congenital …