Clostridia are a polyphyletic group of Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobes in the
Firmicutes phylum that significantly impact metabolism and functioning of the human …

Background A recent study from Taiwan suggested that Clostridium innocuum may be an
unrecognized cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and clinically indistinguishable …

Clostridium scindens was first isolated in 1984 during work on the gut microbiota's steroid
production (1). It became of great interest in 2015 with the study proposed by Buffie et al.(2) …

Objectives Extra-intestinal clostridial infection (EICI) is rare but can be fatal. Traditional
phenotypic methods can only assign many of the Clostridium species to the genus level …

Clostridium innocuum is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium identified by
Smith and King in 1962 after being isolated from a patient with an appendiceal abscess. Its …

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes nearly half a million cases of diarrhea and colitis
in the United States each year. Although the importance of the gut microbiota in C. difficile …

Introduction Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the main cause of nosocomial diarrhea
in developed countries. A key challenge in CDI is the lack of objective methods to ensure …

The diverse and densely populated gastrointestinal microbiota is essential for the regulation
of host physiology and immune function. As our knowledge of the composition and function …

Background Antimicrobial use is thought to suppress the intestinal microbiota, thereby
impairing colonization resistance and allowing Clostridium difficile to infect the gut …

Clostridium difficile is well recognized as the common pathogen of nosocomial diarrhea,
meanwhile, asymptomatic colonization with C. difficile in part of the population has also …