Sodium in the microenvironment regulates immune responses and tissue homeostasis

DN Müller, N Wilck, S Haase, M Kleinewietfeld… - Nature reviews …, 2019 - nature.com
During tissue inflammation, immune cells infiltrate the interstitial space of target organs,
where they sense and adapt to local environmental stimuli. Such stimuli include not only …

[HTML][HTML] Elementary immunology: Na+ as a regulator of immunity

V Schatz, P Neubert, A Schröder, K Binger… - Pediatric …, 2017 - Springer
The skin can serve as an interstitial Na+ reservoir. Local tissue Na+ accumulation increases
with age, inflammation and infection. This increased local Na+ availability favors pro …

The role of sodium in modulating immune cell function

N Wilck, A Balogh, L Markó, H Bartolomaeus… - Nature Reviews …, 2019 - nature.com
Sodium intake is undoubtedly indispensable for normal body functions but can be
detrimental when taken in excess of dietary requirements. The consequences of excessive …

[HTML][HTML] Cutaneous Na+ storage strengthens the antimicrobial barrier function of the skin and boosts macrophage-driven host defense

J Jantsch, V Schatz, D Friedrich, A Schröder, C Kopp… - Cell metabolism, 2015 - cell.com
Immune cells regulate a hypertonic microenvironment in the skin; however, the biological
advantage of increased skin Na+ concentrations is unknown. We found that Na+ …

[HTML][HTML] Sodium and its manifold impact on our immune system

K Jobin, DN Müller, J Jantsch, C Kurts - Trends in immunology, 2021 - cell.com
The Western diet is rich in salt, and a high salt diet (HSD) is suspected to be a risk factor for
cardiovascular diseases. It is now widely accepted that an experimental HSD can stimulate …

A new paradigm of sodium regulation in inflammation and hypertension

A Kirabo - American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory …, 2017 - journals.physiology.org
Dysregulation of sodium (Na+) balance is a major cause of hypertensive cardiovascular
disease. The current dogma is that interstitial Na+ readily equilibrates with plasma and that …

[HTML][HTML] Tissue sodium excess is not hypertonic and reflects extracellular volume expansion

G Rossitto, S Mary, JY Chen, P Boder, KS Chew… - Nature …, 2020 - nature.com
Our understanding of Na+ homeostasis has recently been reshaped by the notion of skin as
a depot for Na+ accumulation in multiple cardiovascular diseases and risk factors. The …

The modulatory effect of high salt on immune cells and related diseases

X Li, A Alu, Y Wei, X Wei, M Luo - Cell proliferation, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
Background The adverse effect of excessive salt intake has been recognized in decades.
Researchers have mainly focused on the association between salt intake and hypertension …

Novel mechanism for buffering dietary salt in humans: effects of salt loading on skin sodium, vascular endothelial growth factor C, and blood pressure

V Selvarajah, KM Mäki-Petäjä, L Pedro… - …, 2017 - Am Heart Assoc
High dietary sodium intake triggers increased blood pressure (BP). Animal studies show that
dietary salt loading results in dermal Na+ accumulation and lymphangiogenesis mediated …

A high-salt diet compromises antibacterial neutrophil responses through hormonal perturbation

K Jobin, NE Stumpf, S Schwab, M Eichler… - Science translational …, 2020 - science.org
The Western diet is rich in salt, which poses various health risks. A high-salt diet (HSD) can
stimulate immunity through the nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (Nfat5)–signaling …