l-Carnitine is a bioactive compound derived from l-lysine and S-adenosyl-l-methionine,
which is closely associated with the transport of long-chain fatty acids in the intermediary …

The increasing commercial demand for L-carnitine has led to a multiplication of efforts to
improve its production with bacteria. The use of different cell environments, such as growing …

Abstract Background L (-)-carnitine production has been widely studied because of its
beneficial properties on various diseases and dysfunctions. Enterobacteria possess a …

Industrial synthesis of l-carnitine is currently performed by whole-cell biotransformation of
industrial waste products, mostly d-carnitine and cronobetaine, through specific bacterial …

Abstract l-Carnitine (vitamin BT) plays a vital role in the transportation of long-chain fatty
acids into mitochondrial matrix in mammals. l-Carnitine has a wide range of applications in …

The L (-)-carnitine production by biotransformation using the recombinant strain Escherichia
coli pT7-5KE32 has been studied and optimized with crotonobetaine and D (+)-carnitine as …

Signal transduction pathways are usually avoided when optimizing a biotransformation
process because they require complex mathematical formulations. The aim of this work was …

ABSTRACT l-Carnitine is a trimethylammonium compound mostly known for its contribution
to fatty acid transport into mitochondria. In bacteria, it is synthesized from γ-butyrobetaine …

Cofactor engineering, defined as the purposeful modification of the pool of intracellular
cofactors, has been demonstrated to be a very suitable strategy for the improvement of l (−) …

L-Carnitine is an ubiquitous substance that plays a major role in the transportation of long-
chain fatty acids. We investigated crucial factors that influence microbial conversion of γ …