The atrium of the gastropod mollusc Achatina fulica receives rich innervation and contains
numerous granular cells (GCs). We studied the atrial innervation and discovered that axon …

Abundant secretory granular cells (GCs) in the Giant African land snail atrium harbor a
range of bioactive substances and undergo rapid total degranulation in response to …

The methods of immunohystochemistry and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry
were applied for the investigation of the localization of the substances P (SP)-and …

By immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical methods localization of Substanse P
(SP) and FMRFamide in the atrium of the snail Achatina fulica was investigated. Nerve fibers …

Method The atrial and ventricular tissues of the snail Helix pomatia were studied by electron
microscope immunocytochemistry, using anti-ANP antibodies. ANP-immunoreactivity has …

An undecapeptide which potentiates the beat of the ventricle in the African giant snail,
Achatina fulica Férussac, was purified from the atria of the snail. Its primary structure was …

1. Specific granular cells were found in the heart, mantle and subesophageal ganglia of the
snails Helix aspersa and Strophocheilus oblongus. 2. 2. Histochemical methods for the …

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are evolutionary conserved peptides well known as molecular
chaperones and stress proteins. Elevated levels of extracellular Hsps in blood plasma have …

Despite extensive studies of cardiac bioactive peptides and their functions in molluscs,
soluble proteins expressed in the heart and secreted into the circulation have not yet been …

Achatin-I previously purified from the ganglia of the African giant snail Achatina fulica was
isolated from the atria of this snail. Achatin-I appeared to enhance the cardiac activity in two …