Abstract Background and Aims Smokers can regulate their nicotine intake by altering the
number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) and their smoking intensity. The current study …

Aims Increased nicotine metabolism during pregnancy could explain why nicotine
replacement therapy (NRT) appears to be less effective on smoking cessation in pregnancy …

Introduction Pregnancy-induced increases in nicotine metabolism may contribute to
difficulties in quitting smoking during pregnancy. However, the time course of changes in …

Background Maternal cigarette smoking is an important modifiable risk factor for low birth
weight in the US. We investigated the maternal nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR; trans-3' …

Maternal smoking is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Because of concerns of
underreporting, investigators routinely perform biochemical testing to confirm smoking …

Abstract Introduction: The Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) is validated to measure
nicotine dependence in nonpregnant smokers, and in these smokers, mean salivary and …

Aims To describe the pattern of self‐reported cigarette consumption and nicotine
consumption, measured by urinary cotinine concentration, in a cohort of pregnant women …

Objectives Accurate assessment of tobacco smoke exposure is key to evaluate its effects.
We sought to validate and establish cut-offs for self-reported smoking and secondhand …

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of late pregnancy
nicotine exposures, including secondhand smoke exposures, and to evaluate the …

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of perinatal
morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying adverse birth outcomes …