Maternal smoking during pregnancy carries significant risks to mother infant and child.
Smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy …

Objective: Foetuses and neonates of women who use tobacco are exposed to nicotine and
tobacco-derived carcinogens. We determined the relationship between urine biomarkers of …

We examined the trends and determinants of second-pregnancy smoking behavior among
Michigan young-adult mothers who smoked during their first pregnancy (N= 14,731) …

Despite significant population level declines, smoking during pregnancy remains a major
public health issue in the United States (US). Approximately 360,000–500,000 smoke …

Aims Our objective was to evaluate the level of pregnant women's exposure to tobacco
smoke by urinary cotinine testing at prenatal examinations, and to examine the effects of …

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002; 81: 240-244.© Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002
Objective. To validate self-reported smoking habits in smoking pregnant women and …

Objective To investigate whether maternal smoking during pregnancy predicts offspring
nicotine disorder (dependence or withdrawal) at 21 years. Method Participants comprised a …

Introduction: Pregnant women often underreport their smoking status and extent of
secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Biomarker confirmation is the recommended method to …

Background Research has demonstrated that the implementation of tobacco control policies
is associated with improved birth outcomes. Ascertainment of prenatal smoking on the US …

Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke represents an important confounding factor in
epidemiological studies addressing developmental effects and requires careful controlling …