Context: Intraosseous (IO) access is an established route of administration in resuscitation
situations. Patients with serious poisoning presenting to the emergency department may …

Objective: To review and assess the available literature on the use of intraosseous (IO) drug
administration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, addressing the benefits and risks of …

Background Rapid and effective administration of antidotes by emergency medical
responders is needed to improve the survival of patients severely poisoned after deliberate …

Study objective: To evaluate a standardized training program in intraosseous (IO) infusion
for prehospital providers. Design: Prospective multicenter 24-month study. Setting: IO …

Background During medical emergencies, intraosseous (IO) access and intravenous (IV)
access are methods of administering therapies and medications to patients. Treating …

Background Intraosseous infusion has become established as a fast and safe alternative to
conventional vascular access in emergency situations. Originally the use of intraosseous …

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Despite the growing popularity of intraosseous infusion for adults in
emergency medicine, to date there has been little research on the pharmacokinetics of …

Background In emergency medicine intraosseous access (IOA) has been established as an
alternative to conventional intravenous access. Originally the use of IOA was strictly limited …

The management of the acutely poisoned patient first and foremost requires careful attention
to the basic principles of emergency medicine. The patient's airway, breathing, and …

Objective. Exposure to nerve agents requires prompt treatment. We hypothesized that
intraosseous (IO) injections of drug antidotes into the vascularized bone marrow will provide …