Biogenic amines (serotonin and catecholamines), play an important role in the control of the
blood flow not only in vertebrates, but also in invertebrates such as cephalopods. In contrast …

Although crustaceans typically have a neurogenic heart, the primitive crustacean Triops
longicaudatus has a myogenic heart with the heartbeat arising from the endogenous …

By recording method, we measured simultaneously both the contractile force (CF) and the
action potential (AP) of the isolated heart to confirm the chief cardioregulatory transmitters of …

Neuropeptides play an important role in modulating the effects of neurotransmitters such as
acetylcholine and noradrenaline in the heart and the vascular system of vertebrates and …

Serotonin immunoreactivity was localized in hearts of the opisthobranch gastropod, Aplysia
californica (sca hare) and several species of bivalve mollusks, the heterodonts, Mercenaria …

A group of four cardioexcitatory neurons has been identified in the intestinal ganglia of the
mollusc Clione limacina. Relatively weak stimulation of the intestinal neurons induced …

The heart of Mercenaria mercenaria is innervated bilaterally at the atria. A pair of cardiac
nerves arise as a branch of the cerebro-visceral connective and run to the posterior end of …

A study has been made of catecholamine stores that may be involved in cardiac regulation
in the shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni. The anatomy of the anterior chromaffin bodies …

The auricle of the heart of Protopterus aethiopicus contains large numbers of chromaffin
cells, often lying immediately adjacent to the endothelium and displaying a bright blue-white …

In the molluscs, dopamine is very probably a chemical transmitter at the level of both the
central nervous system and certain peripheral structures. The heart of Helix pomatia does …