Phosphate is essential for life but its accumulation can be detrimental. In end‐stage renal
disease, widespread vascular calcification occurs as a result of chronic phosphate load. The …

The kidneys excrete excess dietary phosphate, and patients with chronic kidney disease
may suffer from phosphate overload and hyperphosphatemia. In chronic kidney disease …

Hyperphosphatemia is a major risk factor for death, CVE, and vascular calcification among
patients with and without kidney disease. Even serum phosphate levels within the “normal …

There is an intimate association between mineral and bone disorders in chronic kidney
disease (CKD) and the extensive burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this population …

Vascular calcification is recognized as a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD)
in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Susceptibility to vascular calcification is …

Patients with CKD often progress to ESRD and develop cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet
available therapies only modestly improve clinical outcomes. Observational studies report …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent affecting 8.5% of the population in the UK and it
is associated with premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death. The association …

Phosphate levels are consistently linked with cardiac calcification, cardiovascular disease
(CVD), and death in populations with chronic kidney disease. In addition, mechanistic …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD). Both traditional and CKD-related factors are associated with CVD in CKD …

Cardiovascular events are the most frequent cause of death in patients with chronic renal
failure (1–2). Heterotopic calcification of blood vessel walls occurs frequently with advanced …