Background Smoke-free laws are expected to reduce smoking habits and exposure to
secondhand smoke. The objective of this study was the measurement of tobacco specific …

Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) include 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-
butanone (NNK), N′-nitroso nornicotine (NNN), N′-nitroso anabasine (NAB) and N …

Background: Smokers are exposed to significant doses of carcinogens, including tobacco-
specific nitrosamines (TSNA). Previous studies have shown significant global differences in …

Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) are strong carcinogens widely found in tobacco
products, environmental tobacco smoke, lake, and wastewater. The main objective of this …

Introduction The tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are an important group of
carcinogens found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. To describe and characterize the levels …

Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) include 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-
butanone (NNK), N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) and N …

Introduction: Tobacco smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, including known
carcinogens, such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). TSNA levels in cigarettes vary …

Introduction: The causal relationship between tobacco smoking and a variety of cancers is
attributable to the carcinogens that smokers inhale, including tobacco-specific nitrosamines …

Specific biomarkers of tobacco carcinogen uptake are critical for investigations of the role of
tobacco smoke exposure in human cancers. Two new biomarkers of human exposure to …

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) have been previously implicated as a source of
carcinogenicity in tobacco and cigarette smoke. Accurate quantification of these chemicals is …