For over two decades, individual differences in adult attachment style have been
conceptualized and measured in terms of anxiety, avoidance, and security. During this time …

Attachment theory has been proposed as one explanation for the relationship between
childhood maltreatment and problematic mental and physical health outcomes in adulthood …

Early life experiences can influence hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis regulation
in adulthood, in both animals and humans. In humans, they have also been shown to …

Highlights•Describes how anxiously and avoidantly attached people think, feel, and behave
when distressed.•Reviews key principles of attachment theory.•Indicates how attachment …

In this study, we evaluated complex patterns of attachment discontinuity across time in 133
individuals from the Minnesota Study of Risk and Adaptation. In addition to individuals who …

Highlights•The paper presents an integration of attachment theory and life history
theory.•Early-life harshness and/or unpredictability promotes insecure attachment.•Adult …

Individuals in adult attachment relationships regulate one another via overt emotional and
social behavior. Attachment-related styles of utilizing social support moderate these …

Marital stress has been associated with immune dysregulation, including increased
production of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Attachment style, one's expectations about the availability …

Previous research suggests that attachment style may affect how individuals cope with
emotions. This study examines whether individuals with different attachment styles show …

Attachment anxiety is expected to be positively associated with dependence and self‐
criticism. However, attachment avoidance is expected to be negatively associated with …