Careful physical examination of the obstetric laceration is central to define the anatomic
defect, its right depth, and degree. A digital rectal examination is also recommended if an …

A patient's sense of empowerment and control is most predictive of maternal satisfaction with
childbirth. Analgesia during labor greatly affects this experience. Individual patient priorities …

Background A vaginal delivery may be associated with acute postpartum pain, particularly
after perineal trauma. However, pain management in this setting remains poorly explored …

Background Perineal pain from a tear and/or surgical cut (episiotomy) is a common problem
following vaginal birth. Strategies to reduce perineal trauma and the appropriate repair of …

Pains after labor can be as severe as those experienced during labor, particularly the
commonly occurring lower abdominal “after-pains” that are associated with prolonged …

Objective: This comprehensive review aimed to assess perineal management strategies
during labor and their effectiveness in preventing perineal tears while enhancing maternal …

Perineal pain may be due to soft tissue trauma with or without suturing. The pain becomes
exaggerated if there is an associated inflammatory process, which can range from mild …

Objective: To evaluate implementation of an analgesic protocol for the management of pain
caused by perineal trauma. Design: Quality-assurance program (QAP) with a closed loop …

Obstetric lacerations are a common complication of vaginal delivery. Lacerations can lead to
chronic pain and urinary and fecal incontinence. Perineal lacerations are defined by the …

After all vaginal deliveries, a thorough exam should be performed to evaluate for lacerations.
In classifying lacerations, it is important to note if the perineal body, external anal sphincter …