Decreased levels of the steroid hormone estrogen at menopause are associated with an
increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and loss of skeletal muscle mass and …

It is now well known that differences in the structure and function of the heart exist between
male and female hearts. Several lines of experimental and clinical investigations have …

BACKGROUND: The protective effects of 17-beta estradiol (E2) on cardiac tissue during
ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury have not yet been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To assess …

Objective It has been reported that the progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), but
not norethindrone acetate (NETA), inhibits the beneficial vascular effects of post …

Background Reduced cardiovascular risk in premenopausal women has been the focus of
research in recent decades. Previous hypothesis-driven experiments have highlighted the …

The purpose of this study was to test whether the insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and the
susceptibility of the heart to ischemia/reperfusion injury are modulated by the chronic …

The sex hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) is the most abundant and active estrogen in
premenopausal women. Studies have shown that high circulating levels of E2 are …

Epidemiological studies imply there is a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in
menopausal women. Some explanations suggest a lack of estrogens as the cause, but …

Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which is
believed to correlate with lower estrogen level. There are conflicting data regarding …

BACKGROUND: Gender differences exist in the myocardial response to acute
ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and may be attributed to the effects of the sex hormones …