Peptides and analogs such as peptide nucleic acids (PNA) are promising tools and
therapeutics, but the cell membrane remains a barrier to intracellular targets. Conjugation to …

To transverse the plasma membrane and gain access to the cellular interior is one of the
major obstacles for many novel pharmaceutical molecules. Since the late 1990s, cell …

Although currently less efficient than their viral counter-parts, nonviral vectors are under
intense investigation as a safer alternative for gene therapy. For successful delivery, the …

Most toxic agents currently used for chemotherapy show a narrow therapeutic window,
because of their inability to distinguish between healthy and cancer cells. Targeted drug …

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been discovered to deliver chemical drugs, nucleic
acids, and macromolecules to permeate cell membranes, creating a novel route for …

In vivo screening of phage libraries in tumor-bearing mice has been used to identify
peptides that direct phage homing to a tumor. The power of in vivo phage screening is …

The penetration of polar or badly soluble compounds through a cell membrane into live cells
requires mechanical support or chemical helpers. Cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) are very …

In 1988, two unrelated papers reported the discovery of peptide vectors with innate cell
translocation properties, setting the ground for a new area of research that over the years …

The design, synthesis, and cell permeability of 19 hydrophilic macrocyclic peptides is
presented. By systematically analyzing the impact of three different approaches (alkylated …

Among the challenges to the 21st-century health care industry, one that demands special
mention is the transport of drugs/active pharmaceutical agents across the blood–brain …