Highlights•Papilio has six classes of spectral receptor cells, arranged in different
combinations in its three ommatidial types.•Papilio's vision exhibits color constancy, color …

Butterflies are among the most colorful of all living organisms, with wings bearing witness to
the work of both natural and sexual selection. In both natural and sexual selection, the …

Butterflies use colour vision when searching for flowers. Unlike the trichromatic retinas of
humans (blue, green and red cones; plus rods) and honeybees (ultraviolet, blue and green …

Papilio butterflies use a tetrachromatic color vision to discriminate a rewarding flower,
approach, land and take nectar from the flower. In the course of further analyzing their …

Simple Summary Butterflies must not only identify host plants on which to lay their eggs—
which they achieve using chemical cues—but also select suitable leaves on that plant that …

This paper gives an overview of behavioral studies on the color and polarization vision of
the Japanese yellow swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus. We focus on indoor experiments …

Sensory information plays a critical role in determining an animal's behavior on both
proximate and evolutionary timescales. Butterflies, like many other insects, use vision …

Simple Summary In this work, we analysed the visual and olfactory sensory responses of the
butterfly Papilio demoleus during foraging and courtship. We found that P. demoleus has a …

The eyes of the Japanese yellow swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus, contain six spectral
classes of photoreceptors, each sensitive either in the ultraviolet, violet, blue, green, red or …

Biologists have long been interested in how adult butterflies use vision to solve many of the
problems of survival and reproduction they face during the course of their adult lives. This is …