Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable battlefield and civilian trauma deaths. Low-
dose (ie, an analgesic dose) morphine is recommended for use in the prehospital (ie, field) …

Hemorrhage is a leading cause of battlefield and civilian trauma deaths. Several pain
medications, including fentanyl, are recommended for use in the prehospital (ie, field setting) …

Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable battlefield and civilian trauma deaths.
Ketamine, fentanyl, and morphine are recommended analgesics for use in the prehospital …

Our knowledge about how low-dose (analgesic) morphine affects autonomic cardiovascular
regulation is primarily limited to animal experiments. Notably, it is unknown if low-dose …

Background Severe simple hemorrhage (blood loss in the absence of tissue damage and
nociception) leads to a reflex bradycardia and hypotension. Earlier studies showed that this …

Progressive hemorrhage in the absence of tissue injury produces a biphasic response: an
initial tachycardia, vasoconstriction and maintenance of arterial blood pressure by the …

After an initial compensatory phase, hemorrhage reduces blood pressure due to a
widespread reduction of sympathetic nerve activity (decompensatory phase). Here, we …

Objective: In animal studies, naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, improves tolerance to
hemorrhagic shock. The purpose of this study was to determine whether naloxone would …

Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) simulates hemorrhage in human subjects. Most
subjects (67%) exhibited high tolerance (HT) to hypovolemia, while the remainder (33%) …

Trauma-induced hemorrhage is a leading cause of disability and death due, in part, to
impaired perfusion and oxygenation of the brain. It is unknown if cerebrovascular responses …