There is a growing need to develop novel processes to recover lead from end-of-life lead-
acid batteries, due to increasing energy costs of pyrometallurgical lead recovery, the …

As the rechargeable battery system with the longest history, lead–acid has been under
consideration for large-scale stationary energy storage for some considerable time but the …

Hydrometallurgical route normally has lower energy consumption and less carbon dioxide
emission than high-temperature smelting route. However, efficient removal of impurities is a …

Abstract Despite Lead Acid Battery (LAB) is the oldest electrochemical energy storage
system, diffusion in the emerging sectors of technological interest is inhibited by its …

Herein, we propose a green, cost-effective and short-loop route for recovering high-purity α-
lead oxide (α-PbO) from spent lead-acid batteries. This newly proposed route consists of …

The lead–acid battery recycling industry is very well established, but the conventional
pyrometallurgical processes are far from environmentally benign. Hence, recent …

Emissions of lead particulates, sulfur oxides and their potential environmental risks are
received great attention in traditional pyrometallurgical process for recycling spent lead-acid …

With increasing deregulation of the European electricity market, the quality of supply is
becoming an issue of growing importance. Grid-connected electricity storage systems …

Doping with Sn and Ca is seen to improve the reversibility and charging efficiency of lead
anodes used in lead acid batteries. However, one drawback of these materials is their …

Lead from recycled lead–acid batteries has become the primary source of lead worldwide.
Battery manufacturing accounts for greater than 85% of lead consumption in the world and …