Background: The Tower of London (TOL) task is one of the most commonly used tests for
evaluating executive functions, and can indicate planning and problem-solving abilities. The …

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is a common clinical feature of mental disorders. A
number of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies have shown reduced …

Background Deficits in cognitive functioning, including attention, memory, and executive
functions, along with impairments in language production, are present in patients with …

Background Neuroimaging studies using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
have provided compelling evidence about the dysfunction of the frontotemporal cortices in …

Background Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging neuroimaging
modality that provides a direct and quantitative assessment of cortical haemodynamic …

Background To identify bipolar disorder during the initial stages of a depressive episode has
always been a great clinical challenge. Patterns of functional brain activity may underlie the …

Aim: Functional neuroimaging studies to date have indicated prefrontal dysfunction in late‐
onset major depression (LOD). The relationships between prefrontal dysfunction and clinical …

Purpose Bipolar disorder (BD) patients with psychotic symptoms (BDp) worsens prognosis
and decreases rates of recovery. The study investigated cognitive performance and brain …

Background This study aimed to examine the association between prefrontal activation
during a verbal fluency task (VFT) and impulsivity among patients with major depressive …

Cognitive impairments are considered as a core feature of schizophrenia and have been
reported in associated with dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The Tower of London …