Color plays an important role in insect life—many insects forage on colorful flowers and/or
have colorful bodies. Accordingly, most insects have multiple spectral types of …

Many visual animals exploit spectral information for seeking food and mates, for identifying
preys and predators, and for navigation. Animals use chromatic information in two …

Colour constancy is the ability to recognize the colour of objects despite spectral changes in
the natural illumination. As such, this phenomenon is important for most organisms with …

Highlights•Color vision: more than just Opsins.•Spectral tuning differs between sexes and
species, and even within the same eye.•The distribution of different photoreceptor types …

This is a portion of the eBook at doi: 10.7551/mitpress/1994.001. 0001 evolutionary trees for
the various classes of visual pigments in different insect species (Kitamoto et al., 1998, 2000; …

The swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus, has excellent color discrimination abilities, and its
visible light spectrum is notably wide. We discuss the neural basis of color vision in P …

Color vision is an important sensory capability that enhances the detection of contrast in
retinal images. Monochromatic animals exclusively detect temporal and spatial changes in …

Color vision is widespread among insects but varies among species, depending on the
spectral sensitivities and interplay of the participating photoreceptors. The spectral sensitivity …

Background Color vision is commonly assumed to rely on photoreceptors tuned to narrow
spectral ranges. In the ommatidium of Drosophila, the four types of so-called inner …

Most of our current understanding on colour discrimination by animal observers is built on
models. These typically set strict limits on the capacity of an animal to discriminate between …