Abstract 4986 Epidemiological data suggest an association of elevated levels of estrogens
with breast cancer development. In particular, the natural female hormone, 17β-estradiol …

Hormone therapy (HT) used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms has been associated
with an increased incidence of hormone dependent cancers. Therefore, many women …

Phytoestrogens have attracted attention as being safer alternatives to hormone replacement
therapy (HRT) and as chemopreventive reagents for breast cancer because dietary soy …

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural or synthetic compounds present in the
environment, which can interfere with hormone synthesis and normal physiological functions …

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is commonly applied to relieve menopausal
symptoms, but increased exposure to hormones exacerbates the risk of cancers, particularly …

Several families of compounds found in plants are structurally related to the mammalian
hormone estrogen. The most common phytoestrogens in the human diet are shown in Table …

Phytoestrogens are xenoestrogens found in plants with a myriad of health benefits.
However, various studies reported the genotoxic effects of these substances. Thus, we …

Phytoestrogens are increasingly used as dietary supplements due to their suggested health
promoting properties, but also by women for breast enhancement and relief of menopausal …

Polyphenols are widely distributed in plant foods consumed by humans. These compounds
possess unique and important biological activity, which may directly impact cancer risk …

There is concern that ingestion of dietary phytoestrogens may increase risk of estrogen
receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer. The prenylflavone icaritin, a phytoestrogen …