CaiT is a membrane antiporter that catalyzes the exchange of l-carnitine with γ-
butyrobetaine across the Escherichia coli membrane. To obtain structural insights into the …

The carnitine transporter CaiT from Escherichia coli belongs to the betaine, choline, and
carnitine transporter family of secondary transporters. It acts as an l-carnitine/γ-butyrobetaine …

Most secondary-active transporters transport their substrates using an electrochemical ion
gradient. In contrast, the carnitine transporter (CaiT) is an ion-independent, l-carnitine/γ …

Transport of solutes across biological membranes is performed by specialized secondary
transport proteins in the lipid bilayer, and is essential for life. Here we report the structures of …

l-Carnitine is essential for β-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria. Bacterial metabolic
pathways are used for the production of this medically important compound. Here, we report …

The secondary active transporter CitS shuttles citrate across the cytoplasmic membrane of
gram-negative bacteria by coupling substrate translocation to the transport of two Na+ ions …

ETT (originally designated as OCTN1; human gene symbol SLC22A4) and CTT (OCTN2;
SLC22A5) are highly specific transporters of ergothioneine and carnitine, respectively …

Carnitine is an important molecule in human metabolism, mainly because of its role in the
transport of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Escherichia coli …

The SLC25A20 transporter, also known as carnitine acyl-carnitine carrier (CAC), catalyzes
the transport of short, medium and long carbon chain acyl-carnitines across the …

The mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (CAC) is characterized by the presence of a
distinct motif, RXXPANAAXF, within its sixth transmembrane α-helix. In this study, we …