β2-Adrenoceptor (β2-AR) agonists are widely used as bronchodilators. The emerge of
ultralong acting β2-agonists is an important breakthrough in pulmonary medicine. In this …

Abstract β-Blockers reduce mortality and improve symptoms in people with heart disease;
however, current clinically available β-blockers have poor selectivity for the cardiac β 1 …

Cardiovascular diseases are major public health problems. ßblockers therapy is indicated
for the majority of patients with heart failure and coronary artery disease (Class I, Level of …

COPD and chronic CVDs often coexist and pharmacological modulation of β 2-adrenoceptor
(β 2-AR) function remains a critical issue in the management of these diseases. Activation of …

Introduction The safety of β2-AR antagonists in the treatment of patients with COPD
continues to be a topic of research and discussion within the medical community. Emerging …

The common coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and
cardiovascular disease (CVD) presents several therapeutic constraints that have not been …

Inhaled β 2-adrenoceptor (β 2-AR) agonists are considered essential bronchodilator drugs
in the treatment of bronchial asthma, both as symptoms-relievers and, in combination with …

Obstructive airway disease is a complex disease entity including several maladies
characterized by bronchoconstriction and abnormal airway inflammation. Reversing …

Introduction The β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) is a member of G protein-coupled receptors
(GPCRs) that mediate the majority of cellular responses to external stimuli. The agonists can …

Introduction Asthma, a heterogeneous disease, is characterized by chronic airway
inflammation and hyperreactivity. β2-adrenoreceptor agonists (β2-agonists) remain pivotal …