VD 1 and RPD 2 are two giant neuropeptidergic neurons located respectively in the visceral
and right parietal ganglion of the central nervous system (CNS) of the pond snail Lymnaea …

The parasympathetic cardiac ganglion in the mudpuppy, N. maculosus, contains
postganglionic nerve cells and intrinsic neurons, many of which are small intensely …

Frog is a convenient animal model to study structure and function of intracardiac nervous
system. Compared to mammalian heart, frog intracardiac neurons are large and survive well …

Background: Several types of cardiac arrhythmias are considered to be caused by a
disoerdered intrinsic cardiac nerve system (INS). The rabit is widely used in laboratory …

Achatina cardioexcitatory peptide-1 (ACEP-1) is an RFamide family peptide isolated from
the atria of the African giant snail, Achatina fulica. In this report, we describe an identification …

Immunohistochemical localization of two neuropeptides possibly involved in the regulation
of cardiac activity in a pulmonate mollusc, Achatina fulica Férussac, was studied. On the …

The regulation of the heartbeat by the two largest neurons, d-VLN and d-RPLN, on the
dorsal surface of visceral and right parietal ganglia of Giant African snail, Achatina fulica …

Method The atrial and ventricular tissues of the snail Helix pomatia were studied by electron
microscope immunocytochemistry, using anti-ANP antibodies. ANP-immunoreactivity has …

Ion channels with characteristics of Ca2+ channels have been found in isolated heart
ventricle cells of the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Although spontaneous Ca2+ or Ba2+ currents …

The putative heptapeptide pQDPFLRIamide, previously known only from its appearance in a
cDNA clone from Helix aspersa, was isolated from circumoesophageal ganglia extracts and …