Biogenic amines (serotonin and catecholamines), play an important role in the control of the
blood flow not only in vertebrates, but also in invertebrates such as cephalopods. In contrast …

Two inhibitory heart motor neurons (HI-1, HI-2) were identified in the visceral ganglion of the
snail Achatina fulica. Both motor neurons were connected monosynaptically with the …

Serotonergic and peptidergic modulation of buccal muscle contraction at an identified
neuromuscular synapse in the African giant snail Achatina fulica was examined. A pair of …

The ultrastructure, neuroanatomy and central projection patterns, including the intercellular
connections of the statocyst hair cells of the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, were studied …

1. The effects of Phe-Met-Arg-Phe (FMRF) amide (10 (-6) M) on membrane properties of
heart interneurons in the third, fourth, and fifth segmental ganglia [HN (3), HN (4), and HN (5) …

Introduction The intrinsic cardiac nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of
heart activity (2). A frog is a convenient animal model for anatomical and physiological …

This study examined the role of the brain and peripheral connections with the target organs
in the appearance of neurosecretary material within the dorsal neural sheath of the ventral …

In this manuscript, I review the current and relevant classical studies on properties of the
Mollusca heart and their central nervous system including ganglia, neurons, and nerves …

The crustacean cardiac ganglion (CG) comprises nine neurons that provide rhythmic drive to
the heart. The CG is the direct target of multiple modulators. Synapsin‐like immunoreactivity …