Aim: Functional neuroimaging studies to date have indicated prefrontal dysfunction in late‐
onset major depression (LOD). The relationships between prefrontal dysfunction and clinical …

A number of studies have demonstrated impairment of working memory (WM) in patients
with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationship between the underlying …

The activation of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) has been shown to be lacking in the
prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with late-onset depression (LOD), in verbal fluency task …

Background Previous functional neuroimaging studies of depression have demonstrated
frontotemporal dysfunction, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while patients …

Background Neuroimaging studies using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
have provided compelling evidence about the dysfunction of the frontotemporal cortices in …

Accumulated evidence suggests the involvement of vascular factors in late-onset
depression. Late-onset depression has characteristics of poor outcome, cognitive decline …

Background: Frontal asymmetry plays a major role in depression. However, patients with
treatment-resistant depression (TRD) have widespread hypofrontality. We investigated …

Background: The Tower of London (TOL) task is one of the most commonly used tests for
evaluating executive functions, and can indicate planning and problem-solving abilities. The …

Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive, on-the-spot, functional
neuroimaging technique allowing detection of the spatiotemporal characteristics of brain …

Aims Near‐infrared spectroscopy has the potential for aiding the diagnosis of major
depressive disorder. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the evidence …