Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous group of
lung conditions challenging to diagnose and treat. Identification of phenotypes of patients …

Abstract Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous
group of lung conditions that are challenging to diagnose and treat. As the presence of …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by airflow obstruction (post-
bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) …

Rationale: The decades-long progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
renders identifying different trajectories of disease progression challenging. Objectives: To …

The significant healthcare burden associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) is driving us to improve our understanding of the natural history of this disease …

Classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is usually based on the
severity of airflow limitation, which may not reflect phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we …

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous syndrome
with phenotypic manifestations that tend to be distributed along a continuum. Unsupervised …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease
and its clinically relevant subtypes are not well understood. Which clinical characteristics are …

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a heterogeneous disease associated with
significant morbidity and mortality. Current diagnostic criteria based on the presence of fixed …

As the clinical and research focus of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) evolves
from regarding obstructive lung disease as a single disease entity to recognizing the …