The social environment affects health and disease in so many ways that it is impossible to
deal with the subject in its entirety. The differences in the civil servants reflect national …

In this issue of the Journal, Sempos, et al, call attention to a slowing of the decline of
coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in Blacks and in White females in the United …

Background: Previous studies have shown that causes of death differ in their relationship to
social class, but we lack a more comprehensive description of this variation. The present …

Mortality studies show that social inequalities in health include, but are not confined to,
worse health among the poor. There is a social gradient; mortality rises with decreasing …

The present paper discusses the following problem; what is the best theoretical
understanding of the social class distribution of health and mortality? The discussion …

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to explore the magnitude and causes of the differences in
mortality rates according to socioeconomic position in a cohort of civil servants. DESIGN …

Socio-economic differentials in mortality are examined using the explanatory framework
advanced by the Black Report. The evidence reviewed largely relates to studies carried out …

The social gradient in health is a term used to describe the phenomenon whereby people
who are less advantaged in terms of socioeconomic position have worse health (and shorter …

Medicine and epidemiology currently dominate the study of the strong association between
socioeconomic status and mortality. Socioeconomic status typically is viewed as a causally …

The first Whitehall Study of British civil servants demonstrated an inverse gradient in
mortality. The lower the grade the higher was the mortality risk. This higher mortality risk …