The current research investigated the impacts of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity
on the development of nephrolithiasis. We included≥ 40-year-old Koreans from the Korean …

Abstract Backgrounds Nickel (Ni) is a ubiquitous heavy metal, but epidemiological studies
on the association between Ni and kidney function are limited and controversial. Aim We …

Oxalate is an ionic form of a potentially toxic oxalic acid that is formed in the human body
from a combination of food sources and their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract …

Background Kidney stone disease (KSD) has been reported to be associated with several
cardiovascular diseases. However, the causality between the conditions remains unknown …

Background Dietary acid load is a clinically important aspect of the diet that reflects the
balance between acid-producing foods, for example, meat and cheese, and base-producing …

Low femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) was associated with the increased risk of
kidney stones. Low dietary magnesium intake and increased serum alkaline phosphatase …

Background Obesity is a recently identified risk factor for metabolic acidosis and anion gap
elevations in the absence of CKD. Metabolic acidosis is a treatable condition with …

Aims: We aimed to determine whether there is an association between dietary zinc intake
(DZI) and prevalent kidney stone disease defined as self-report of any previous episode of …

Purpose: Urinary stone disease (USD) has been associated with an increased risk of
chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease in Western populations …

Rationale & Objective Most previous studies of the relationship between urinary factors and
kidney stone risk have either assumed a linear effect of urinary parameters on kidney stone …