Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is critical to the processes of
angiogenesis and tumor growth. Here, evidence is presented for VEGF stimulation of …

Cell signaling pathways control cells' responses to their environment through an intricate
network of proteins and small molecules partitioned by intracellular structures, such as the …

Vascular development is a complex process regulated by dynamic biological networks that
vary in topology and state across different tissues and developmental stages. Signals …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent cytokine that binds to specific
receptors on the endothelial cells lining blood vessels. The signaling cascade triggered …

Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation from preexisting ones, plays a
pivotal role in tumor growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR2) is the …

Brain endothelial cells serve many critical homeostatic functions. In addition to sensing and
regulating blood flow, they maintain blood-brain barrier function, including precise control of …

The past three decades have witnessed an enormous progress in the elucidation of the
ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and its involvement in various cellular processes. Because of …

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is essential for
both normal development and numerous pathologies. Systems biology has offered a unique …

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PKPD) are key considerations in any study of
molecular therapies. It is thus imperative to factor their effects into any in silico model of …

Abstract Background The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activated Extracellular-
signal Regulated Kinase (ERK) pathway is a critical cell signalling pathway that relays the …