Rationale Stress exposure has a lasting impact on motivated behavior and can exacerbate
existing vulnerabilities for developing a substance use disorder. Several models have been …

Rationale Age of initial exposure to addictive substances is inversely proportional to risk of
developing drug dependence. There is debate, however, as to whether intake at a young …

Rationale Studies in socially housed monkeys have demonstrated an influence of position in
the social dominance hierarchy on brain dopamine D2 receptors and the reinforcing effects …

Cues in the environment associated with drug use draw the attention of addicts, elicit
approach, and motivate drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior, making abstinence difficult …

Rationale Social interaction during drug exposure can potentiate cocaine reward. Isolation
rearing (ISO) during adolescence increases social interaction and may amplify this …

Previous studies have shown that adolescent exposure to cocaine increases drug use in
adulthood, albeit incubation of cocaine seeking was found to be attenuated in rats trained to …

Background: Although previous studies have shown that both adolescence and drug
addiction can influence risk-taking and decision-making processes, the underlying …

A major theme of addiction research has focused on the neural substrates of individual
differences in the risk for addiction; however, little is known about how vulnerable …

Conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization are rodent behavioral models
commonly used to investigate the actions of drugs of abuse. However, few studies have …

Human cocaine users report that the initial “high” produced by cocaine administration is
followed by an anxiogenic “crash”. Given that cocaine has such robust and opposing …