The principal barrier to an HIV-1 cure is the persistence of infected cells harboring
replication-competent proviruses despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV-1 transcriptional …

At every integrated HIV-1 genome, there is a transcriptional cycle that ultimately shapes
proviral fate [1–4]. This transcriptional cycle is regulated by viral and host factors that operate …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively reduces cycles of viral replication but does not target
proviral populations in cells that persist for prolonged periods and that can undergo clonal …

HIV persists within the body despite successful suppression of virus replication with
antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV lurks in latent and active reservoirs, leading to rebound of …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) inhibits HIV replication but is not curative. During ART, the
integrated HIV genome persists indefinitely within CD4+ T cells and perhaps other cells …

The latent reservoir of HIV is the major barrier to cure. Stimulation of latently-infected T cells
results in the nuclear translocation of key transcription factors that are required for both …

ABSTRACT HIV infection requires lifelong antiretroviral therapy because of the persistence
of latently infected CD4+ T cells. The induction of virus expression from latently infected cells …

HIV-infected patients harbor∼ 105–106 memory CD4 T-cells that contain fully integrated but
transcriptionally silent HIV proviruses. While small in number, these latently infected cells …

Eradication of HIV-1 from an infected individual cannot be achieved by current regimens.
Viral reservoirs established early during the infection remain unaffected by anti-retroviral …

Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-1 infection reduces plasma virus levels to
below the limit of detection of clinical assays. However, even with prolonged suppression of …