Environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) and smoking have been described as the
most prevalent factors in the development of certain diseases worldwide. According to the …

Environmental tobacco smoke is one of the most widespread carcinogenic exposures. Given
the substantial numbers daily exposed to this substance and the great amount of scientific …

Tobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals, and 44 compounds have been
classified as human carcinogens. Toxicity can be both mainstream smoke as well as the …

Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of more than 4000 chemical compounds, many of
which are harmful to human health. These compounds belong to various chemical classes …

Adverse outcomes from tobacco use may take decades to develop. Biomarkers are
measures that can be used in the early stages of tobacco use to assess exposure to tobacco …

Smoking is the leading preventable disease worldwide and passive smoking is estimated to
be the cause of about 1.0% of worldwide mortality. The determination of tobacco smoke …

Diseases and death caused by exposure to tobacco smoke have become the single most
serious preventable public health concern. Thus, biomarkers that can monitor tobacco …

Different compounds have been reported as biomarkers of a smoking habit, but, to date,
there is no appropriate biomarker for tobacco-related exposure because the proposed …

A rough estimation of the amounts of tobacco smoke components taken up by active and
passive smoking suggests that, in the case of passive smoking, gas phase constituents in …

Quantification of exposure to different chemicals from both combustible cigarettes and
vaping products is important in providing information on the potential health risks of these …