Severe infection and sepsis are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in non-
cardiac intensive care units worldwide [1]. Research has shown that initiating appropriate …

Background: Recently, several studies have assessed the effects of therapeutic drug
monitoring of frequently prescribed beta-lactam antibiotics, for which they were quantified in …

Beta-lactam antibiotics remain one of the most preferred groups of antibiotics in critical care
due to their excellent safety profiles and their activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens …

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is increasingly used to optimize the dosing
of beta-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients. However, beta-lactams are inherently …

Despite therapeutic advances over recent decades, the mortality rate for sepsis and septic
shock is still approximately 25% worldwide. Early administration of appropriate intravenous …

The extreme pharmacokinetic behaviour of drugs sometimes observed in critically ill patients
poses a significant threat to the achievement of optimal antibiotic treatment outcomes. Scant …

Introduction Individualizing antibiotic therapy is paramount to improve clinical outcomes
while minimizing the risk of toxicity and antimicrobial therapy. β-lactam antibiotics are …

Beta-lactams (BL) are the first line agents for the antibiotic management of critically ill
patients with sepsis or septic shock. BL are hydrophilic antibiotics particularly subject to …

The pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in intensive care patients may be profoundly
altered due to the dynamic, unpredictable pathophysiological changes that occur in critical …

Introduction Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a useful tool to optimize antibiotic therapy.
Increasing interest in alternative dosing strategies of beta-lactam antibiotics, eg continuous …