Dramatic changes in the environment, including habitat degradation and climate change,
have focused attention on how individuals and populations respond to a shifting biotic and …

This book covers the defensive responses of fishes to the biotic threats of pathogens,
parasites and predators. The first 2 chapters review certain broad categories of molecular …

Habitat science can provide the unifying concepts to bring together ecological studies of
physiological tolerances, predator avoidance, foraging and feeding, reproduction and life …

Disease drives the evolution of proactive and reactive mitigation behaviours in fishes as for
terrestrial animals. Understanding fish self-remedy behaviours could discover algal …

The huge diversity of freshwater fishes is concentrated into an area of habitat that covers
only about 1% of the Earth's surface, and much of this limited area has already been …

This chapter provides an insight into the great diversity of behavioural defenses in fish and
the mechanisms shaping this diversity. It focuses on the diverse anti-predator tactics …

Although excluded from the terrestrial environment, fishes show a remarkable capacity to
adapt to aquatic environments, occupying oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, and even …

Reasonable evidence exists to demonstrate that alteration of aquatic ecosystems is
increasing, and is having a deleterious effect on aquatic resources such as fish. We have a …

Aquatic animals, which are ecologically important consumers in aquatic ecosystems and
widely distributed in rivers, lakes, and seas, which occupy 70% of the earth's surface …

Inducible defenses--those often dramatic phenotypic shifts in prey activated by biological
agents ranging from predators to pathogens--are widespread in the natural world. Yet …