Vaccination with small antigens, such as proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids, is used to
activate the immune system and trigger the protective immune responses against a …

Peptide-based vaccines, which form one of the most potent vaccine platforms, offer
exclusive advantages over classical vaccines that use whole organisms or proteins …

Vaccination is the most efficient way to protect humans against pathogens. Peptide-based
vaccines offer several advantages over classical vaccines, which utilized whole organisms …

Viral particles (VPs) have evolved so as to efficiently enter target cells and to deliver their
genetic material. The current state of knowledge allows us to use VPs in the field of …

Vaccination renders protection against pathogens via stimulation of the body's natural
immune responses. Classical vaccines that utilize whole organisms or proteins have several …

One of the main obstacles to most medication administrations (such as the vaccine
constructs) is the cellular membrane's inadequate permeability, which reduces their …

Exogenous antigens processed in the cytosol and subsequently cross-presented on major
histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules activate cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes …

Intracellular delivery of promising therapeutic agents as well as nanocarriers presents a
unique challenge. However, with the discovery of the cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) …

Viral infections are a great threat to human health. Currently, there are no effective vaccines
and antiviral drugs against the majority of viral diseases, suggesting the need to develop …

Peptide-based nanovaccines have emerged as promising strategies for combating
reemerging and emerging infectious diseases. They exhibit excellent immunogenicity and …