Carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) such as 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-
pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) are found only in tobacco and derived products. Food and Drug …

The tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a
metabolite of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1 …

Background: The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-
butanone (NNK) and its reduction product in the body, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1 …

Abstract The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
(NNK) is one of the most abundant carcinogens in smokeless tobacco products. NNK uptake …

(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and its urinary metabolite, 4-
(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), are the most investigated carcinogenic …

Introduction The tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are an important group of
carcinogens found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. To describe and characterize the levels …

Conspectus Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world, and cigarette
smoking is its main cause. Oral cavity cancer is another debilitating and often fatal cancer …

Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) has been linked to increased risk for a
number of diseases, including lung cancer. The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4 …

Introduction: Tobacco smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, including known
carcinogens, such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). TSNA levels in cigarettes vary …

Background: Smokers are exposed to significant doses of carcinogens, including tobacco-
specific nitrosamines (TSNA). Previous studies have shown significant global differences in …