Cocaine addiction is often characterized by a rigid pattern of behavior in which cocaine
users continue seeking and taking drug despite negative consequences associated with its …

Habits are theorized to play a key role in compulsive cocaine seeking, yet there is limited
methodology for assessing habitual responding for intravenous (IV) cocaine. We developed …

Rationale Behavioral procedures that incorporate dynamic changes in drug-maintained
behavior are needed to model the development of cocaine addiction in humans. Objectives …

Rationale Recent evidence suggests that prolonged cocaine self-administration produces
escalation in drug-seeking behavior in rats analogous to the increased intake patterns …

There is growing evidence that mere exposure to drugs can induce long-term alterations in
the neural systems that mediate reward processing, motivation, and behavioral control …

A significant problem in treating cocaine dependence is craving-induced relapse elicited by
inadvertent (ie, passive) exposure to cocaine-paired stimuli. Extinction/reinstatement of …

Studies on the reinstatement of drug-seeking after withdrawal from chronic drug self-
administration have varied in terms of the procedures by which animals are initially trained …

Inbred strains of mice are valuable tools for determining the impact of genes and the
environment on behavior. However, use of mice in intravenous (iv) cocaine self …

Rationale Addiction is characterized by maladaptive decision-making, in which individuals
seem unable to use adverse outcomes to modify their behavior. Adverse outcomes are often …

Rationale Taking high and increasing amounts of cocaine is thought to be necessary for the
development of addiction. Consequently, a widely used animal model of drug self …