Background: Excessive accumulation of ammonia in the brain is a causative factor of an
array of neurological manifestations of hyperammonemic encephalopathies …

Ammonia is a regular metabolite in the central nervous system (CNS). However, when it
enters the brain from blood in excessive quantities it becomes toxic to CNS cells. Therefore …

Mechanisms involved in hepatic encephalopathy still remain to be defined. Nonetheless, it is
well recognized that ammonia is a major factor in its pathogenesis, and that the astrocyte …

Mechanisms involved in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) still remain poorly understood. It is
generally accepted that ammonia plays a major role in this disorder, and that astrocytes …

Increased brain ammonia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the neuropsychiatric
symptoms of liver failure collectively known as hepatic encephalopathy, in the neuronal cell …

Ammonia is diffused and transported across all plasma membranes. This entails that
hyperammonemia leads to an increase in ammonia in all organs and tissues. It is known that …

Increased brain ammonia concentrations are a hallmark feature of several neurological
disorders including congenital urea cycle disorders, Reye's syndrome and hepatic …

Abstract Effects of ammonia on astrocytes play a major role in hepatic encephalopathy,
acute liver failure and other diseases caused by increased arterial ammonia concentrations …

Ammonia is a major neurotoxin implicated in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Here we discuss
evidence that many aspects of ammonia toxicity in HE-affected brain are mediated by …

Increased ammonia accumulation in the brain due to liver dysfunction is a major contributor
to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Fatal outcome of rapidly progressing …